Background and Aims: The present study aimed to test related variables with Self-handicapping among students.Methods: Using multi-stage sampling procedure, 305 students (142 boys, 163 girls) were selected and investigated in this research. The tools included Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale; Acquisitive Goal Orientation Measure; Avoidance Goal Orientation Measure; The Assessment Scale of Academic Achievement Emotions; The Scale of Academic Engagement; Burnout Inventory; Academic Self-handicapping Measure. Structural equation modeling was used to test Causal relationships of academic self-handicapping by LISREL version-8.Results: Fit indices of presumed models indicated that forecasting model of well-being positive indicators through fear of negative evaluation, achievement goals, academic self-handicapping, and positive achievement emotions, achievement goals, academic self-handicapping, and negative achievement emotions and model of wellbeing negative indicators through fear of negative evaluation, achievement goals, academic self-handicapping.Conclusions: The results of current study showed that suggested causative model for the structural relations of academic self-handicapping has required power for forecasting the academic self-handicapping among students.

Background and Objective: Nowadays, many studies by management researchers aim to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational activities towards work teams. In a way that teamwork has always been given a special place in the literature of excellent organizations. The other important point is the obstacles to teamwork. Methodology: In this research, the fuzzy DEMATEL technique was used. Experts were selected through purposive sampling to collect data. Findings: The results showed that among the components, the lack of up-to-date and practical training had the most impact, and also the inappropriate culture of teamwork had the most susceptibility and more interaction. Negative and inappropriate personality traits, insufficient knowledge, awareness of the benefits of teamwork, lack of material resources and incentives were ineffective, and the inefficiency of interpersonal communication system, inappropriate organizational structure with teamwork, and inappropriate culture of teamwork were also accountable. Also, the inappropriate culture of teamwork is the key and most influential component, and the lack of up-to-date and practical training is the most effective component. Conclusion: Before taking any action, organizations must initiate problem-solving skill training based on individuals' abilities to prevent obstacles to teamwork. To improve teamwork, individuals' personality traits should be taken into account, especially during recruitment and hiring, and their incompatibility with teamwork should be avoided.

The purpose of the current applied descriptive enquiry was to examine the Causal relationships among sustainable human resource management (HRM) antecedents using structural-interpretive modeling. The research population consisted of staff at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education as well as the experts in the field. Two questionnaires were employed to glean the research data. The first researcher-made questionnaire was initially distributed among the research population to identify and validate the theoretical framework after its validity and reliability were statistically verified. The second questionnaire was employed for the sake of structural-interpretive modeling. The collected research data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural-interpretive modeling the results of which revealed ten factors as antecedents of sustainable HRM in the target population. Likewise, the results of structural-interpretive modeling bore on organizational support and supervision as the basis of sustainable HRM practices that may directly and indirectly affect other antecedents.

Data on early growth traits of 1574 Kermani lambs, the offspring of 874 dams and 122 sires, were recorded between 1992 to 2010 at the Breeding Station of Kermani sheep breed in Shahr-e Babk city, Kerman province, Iran. The traits included the birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and weight at six months of age (6MW). Preliminary investigations demonstrated the decisive effects of direct and maternal genetic influences on the expression of these traits. The data were used to adopt three models of genetic analysis. The first model was the standard multivariate model (SMM), which does not consider the Causal relationships among the traits. The second model was the fully recursive multivariate model (FRM), which assumes the existence of Causal influences of BW on WW and on 6MW, and the influence of WW on 6MW. The third model was the temporal recursive model (TRM), in which BW Causally impacts on WW, and WW on 6MW. The Bayesian approach, via Gibbs sampling, was used for genetic analysis. The adopted models were compared considering the deviance information criterion (DIC) and mean square error of prediction (MSE) as criteria for assessing the predictive ability of the models. The DIC values revealed the superiority of TRM over FRM and SMM. Under the investigated multivariate models, the values of MSE were similar for BW but those obtained for WW and 6MW were the lowest under TRM. The Causal effect of BW on WW and that of WW on 6MW were statistically significant estimates of 1. 10 kg and 0. 70 kg, respectively. Furthermore, accounting for Causal relationships, the early growth traits in Kermani sheep may have advantageous impacts on prediction of the breeding values and consequently the accuracy of lamb ranking for selective breeding purposes. Generally, significant Causal relationships were detected among the early body weight traits in Kermani sheep, and the superiority of TRM over other models showed the necessity of considering such Causal influences in the genetic evaluation of these growth-related characteristics.

Green productivity is a sustainable development approach. The purpose of this study is to identify green productivity Indicators and to determine the relationships between Indicators to present the model through fuzzy cognitive mapping. The fuzzy cognitive mapping method used in this research is based on the Rodriguez-Repcio and et al. (2007) automated FCM. The statistical population of the study included all the experts of Plastonic Company. Green productivity indicators were identified through Literature review. Fuzzy cognitive mapping was created Using four matrices، Initial Influence Matrix، fuzzified Influence Matrix، Strength of Influence relationships Matrix، Final Matrix of Influence and the software Mental Modeler. The cognitive mapping represents the relationships between the green productivity Indicators and the weights among them. According to the model، four policy or scenarios were designed in software to identify the relative changes of each indicator. Finally، the fourth scenario with the most positive impact on other indicators was selected as the best scenario among the designed scenarios.